What is a Liquid Crystal Display (LCD)? A Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) is a flat-panel display technology widely used in electronic devices such as calculators, televisions, laptops, digital watches, and smartphones. It works by using the light-modulating properties of liquid crystals that do not emit light directly but instead use a backlight or reflector to […]

What is a Light Emitting Diode (LED)? A Light Emitting Diode (LED) is a semiconductor device that emits light when an electric current passes through it. Unlike traditional incandescent bulbs, LEDs do not rely on heating a filament. Instead, they produce light through a process called electroluminescence, making them more energy-efficient, durable, and long-lasting. How […]

What are Thin Film Electroluminescent Displays (TFEL)? A Thin Film Electroluminescent Display (TFEL) is a flat-panel display technology that produces light by applying an electric field across a thin phosphor layer placed between two electrodes. Unlike LCDs (Liquid Crystal Displays) that rely on backlighting, TFELs are self-emissive, meaning they generate light directly, ensuring high brightness, […]

What is a Plasma Panel Display? A Plasma Panel Display (PDP) is a flat-panel display technology that uses ionized gases (plasma) to produce images. Each pixel in a plasma display consists of tiny cells filled with noble gases (neon, xenon) and a small amount of mercury. When an electric voltage is applied, these gases ionize […]

What is a Flat Panel Display? A Flat Panel Display (FPD) is an advanced display technology used to present visual content in a slim, lightweight, and energy-efficient format. Unlike older Cathode Ray Tube (CRT) displays, flat panel displays do not rely on bulky vacuum tubes. Instead, they use modern electronic technologies such as liquid crystals, […]

The shadow-mask technique is a widely used method in Cathode Ray Tube (CRT) displays and early color television systems. It plays a crucial role in producing sharp, vibrant images by ensuring that each electron beam strikes the correct color phosphor on the screen. What is the Shadow-Mask Technique? In CRT displays, three separate electron guns […]

A Raster-Scan System is a method of displaying images on a screen by scanning them line by line from top to bottom. This is the most common technique used in CRT (Cathode Ray Tube) monitors, modern LCD/LED screens, and most televisions. In this system, the display is made up of pixels arranged in a rectangular […]

We can create simple animation sequences in our programs using real-time methods. We can produce an animation sequence on a raster-scan system one frame at a time, so that each completed frame could be saved in a file for later viewing. The animation can then be viewed by cycling through the completed frame sequence, or […]

 We can also generate real-time raster animations for limited applications using block transfers of a rectangular array of pixel values.  A simple method for translating an object from one location to another in the xy plane is to transfer the group of pixel values that define the shape of the object to the new location […]

Animation sequence in general is designed in the following steps. 1. Storyboard layout 2. Object definitions. 3. Key-frame specifications 4. Generation of in-between frames.  This approach of carrying out animations is applied to any other applications as well, although some applications are exceptional cases and do not follow this sequence. For frame-by-frame animation, every frame […]