When writing functions in C, one key concept every programmer must understand is how parameters are passed. This affects whether your function works with a copy of data or directly modifies the original variable. In C, there are two main parameter passing techniques: 1. Pass by Value (Default in C) Pass by value means the […]
What Are Nested Loops? In C programming, nested loops refer to using one loop inside another loop. The inner loop runs completely for each iteration of the outer loop. for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) { // Outer loop for (int j = 1; j <= m; j++) { // Inner loop […]
What are Natural Numbers? Natural numbers are positive integers starting from 1, 2, 3, and so on. The sum of the first N natural numbers can be calculated using a loop or using the formula: Sum = n(n+1)/2 #include<stdio.h> int main() { int n,i,sum=0; printf(“Enter the limit: “); scanf(“%d”, &n); for(i=1;i<=n;i++) { sum = sum […]
This program repeatedly asks the user to enter a number. The loop continues adding the numbers until the user enters 0. Once 0 is entered, the program displays the total sum. #include int main() { int num, sum = 0; printf(“Enter numbers to add (Enter 0 to stop):\n”); while (1) { scanf(“%d”, &num); if (num […]
The various functions of operating system are as follows: 1. Process Management: A program does nothing unless their instructions are executed by a CPU.A process is a program in execution. A time shared user program such as a compiler is a process. A word processing program being run by an individual user on a pc […]
1. Use Strong Passwords Use different user ID / password combinations for different accounts and avoid writing them down. Make the passwords more complicated by combining letters, numbers, special characters (minimum 10 characters in total) and change them on a regular basis. 2. Secure your computer Activate your firewall Firewalls are the first line of […]
Computer security is security applied to computing devices such as computers and smartphones, as well as computer networks such as private and public networks, including the whole Internet. The field covers all the processes and mechanisms by which digital equipment, information and services are protected from unintended or unauthorized access, change or destruction, and are […]
When a detection algorithm determines that a deadlock exists, several alternatives exist. One possibility is to inform the operator that a deadlock has occurred, and to let the operator deal with the deadlock manually. The other possibility is to let the system recover from the deadlock automatically. There are two options for breaking a deadlock. […]
1. Let Workand Finish be vectors of length m and n, respectively. Initialize: Work = Available Finish [i] = false for i = 0, 1, …,n- 1. 2. Find and i such that both: (a) Finish [i] = false (b) Needi Work If no such i exists, go to step 4. 3. Work = Work […]
This algorithm can be used in banking system to ensure that the bank never allocates all its available cash such that it can no longer satisfy the needs of all its customer. This algorithm is applicable to a system with multiple instances of each resource type. When a new process enter in to the system […]
