Cartesian reference frame

✓ Frame-buffer locations and the corresponding screen positions, are referenced in Cartesian coordinates.

✓ In an application (user) program, we use the commands within a graphics software package to set coordinate positions for displayed objects relative to the origin of the

✓ The coordinate origin is referenced at the lower-left corner of a screen display area by the software commands, although we can typically set the origin at any convenient location for a particular application.

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Working:

✓ Figure shows a two-dimensional Cartesian reference frame with the origin at the lowerleft screen corner.

✓ The screen surface is then represented as the first quadrant of a two-dimensional system with positive x and y values increasing from left to right and bottom of the screen to the top respectively.

✓ Pixel positions are then assigned integer x values that range from 0 to xmax across the screen, left to right, and integer y values that vary from 0 to ymax, bottom to top.