Each process is represented in the OS by a process control block. It is also by a process control block. It is also known as task control block. A process control block contains many pieces of information associated with a specific process. It includes the following informations. Process state: The state may be new, ready, […]
A process migrates between the various scheduling queues throughout its life-time purposes. The OS must select for scheduling processes from these queues in some fashion. This selection process is carried out by the appropriate scheduler. In a batch system, more processes are submittedand then executed immediately. So these processes are spooled to a mass storage […]
Scheduling is a fundamental function of OS. When a computer is multiprogrammed, it has multiple processes completing for the CPU at the same time. If only one CPU is available, then a choice has to be made regarding which process to execute next. This decision making process is known as scheduling and the part of […]
Process: A process or task is an instance of a program in execution. The execution of a process must programs in a sequential manner. At any time at most one instruction is executed. The process includes the current activity as represented by the value of the program counter and the content of the processors registers. […]
When writing functions in C, one key concept every programmer must understand is how parameters are passed. This affects whether your function works with a copy of data or directly modifies the original variable. In C, there are two main parameter passing techniques: 1. Pass by Value (Default in C) Pass by value means the […]
What Are Nested Loops? In C programming, nested loops refer to using one loop inside another loop. The inner loop runs completely for each iteration of the outer loop. for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) { // Outer loop for (int j = 1; j <= m; j++) { // Inner loop […]
What are Natural Numbers? Natural numbers are positive integers starting from 1, 2, 3, and so on. The sum of the first N natural numbers can be calculated using a loop or using the formula: Sum = n(n+1)/2 #include<stdio.h> int main() { int n,i,sum=0; printf(“Enter the limit: “); scanf(“%d”, &n); for(i=1;i<=n;i++) { sum = sum […]
This program repeatedly asks the user to enter a number. The loop continues adding the numbers until the user enters 0. Once 0 is entered, the program displays the total sum. #include int main() { int num, sum = 0; printf(“Enter numbers to add (Enter 0 to stop):\n”); while (1) { scanf(“%d”, &num); if (num […]
The various functions of operating system are as follows: 1. Process Management: A program does nothing unless their instructions are executed by a CPU.A process is a program in execution. A time shared user program such as a compiler is a process. A word processing program being run by an individual user on a pc […]
1. Use Strong Passwords Use different user ID / password combinations for different accounts and avoid writing them down. Make the passwords more complicated by combining letters, numbers, special characters (minimum 10 characters in total) and change them on a regular basis. 2. Secure your computer Activate your firewall Firewalls are the first line of […]
